Vulvar Cancer

Overview of Vulvar Cancer

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of vulvar cancer early can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment. Here are the common signs and symptoms to watch out for:

→ Early Signs

• Persistent Itching: Chronic itching in the vulvar area.
• Skin Changes: Appearance of lumps, warts, or an open sore that does not heal.
• Color Changes: Changes in skin color (red, white, or darkened areas).
• Pain or Tenderness: Discomfort, burning sensations, or pain in the vulvar area.

→ Advanced Symptoms

• Bleeding or Discharge: Unusual bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation.
• Pain During Urination: Discomfort or pain while urinating, indicating possible spread to nearby tissues.
• Pain During Intercourse: Painful sexual intercourse can be an indicator of underlying issues.
• Lumps or Masses: Presence of a lump or mass in the vulvar area.

→ Importance of Seeking Medical Advice

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to Consult a Cancer Specialist as soon as possible. Early detection is key to effective treatment and improved outcomes. Even if the symptoms are subtle or seem unrelated, it’s better to err on the side of caution.

Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial in the effective treatment of vulvar cancer. At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we utilize a comprehensive approach to ensure precise detection and staging of vulvar cancer. Here’s an overview of the diagnostic process:

→ Initial Consultation

The diagnostic journey typically begins with an initial consultation where you will discuss your symptoms, medical history, and any risk factors with a specialist. This step is essential for your doctor to understand your overall health and identify any warning signs of vulvar cancer.

→ Physical Examination

During a physical examination, your doctor will conduct a thorough examination of the vulvar area to check for any abnormalities. This exam may include:

• Visual Inspection: Using a magnifying device to look for changes in the skin, lumps, or sores.
• Manual Examination: Feeling for lumps or irregularities in the vulva and surrounding areas.

→ Imaging Tests

Imaging tests provide detailed pictures of the internal structures and help in identifying the extent of the cancer. Common imaging tests include:

• Ultrasound: An ultrasound probe is used to produce images of the pelvic organs.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images using magnetic fields and radio waves.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Combines X-ray images taken from different angles to create a comprehensive picture of the pelvic area.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Uses a small amount of radioactive material to highlight cancerous cells.

→ Biopsy

A definitive diagnosis of vulvar cancer is made through a biopsy, where a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. Types of biopsies include:

• Punch Biopsy: A small, round piece of tissue is removed using a punch tool.
• Incisional Biopsy: A larger section of tissue is surgically removed.
• Excisional Biopsy: The entire lump or suspicious area is removed for examination.

→ Other Diagnostic Procedures

• Colposcopy: A colposcope (a magnifying device) is used to closely examine the vulva for abnormal areas that may require a biopsy.

→ Importance of Early Detection

Detecting vulvar cancer at an early stage significantly improves treatment outcomes. If you experience any symptoms or have risk factors associated with vulvar cancer, it is crucial to seek medical advice promptly. Early diagnosis allows for more effective treatment options and better prognosis.

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we understand that every patient’s journey with vulvar cancer is unique. Our comprehensive treatment plans are tailored to meet the specific needs of each individual. Here are the primary treatment options available for vulvar cancer:

→ Surgery

Surgery is often the first line of treatment for vulvar cancer, especially in its early stages. The goal is to remove the cancerous tissue while preserving as much of the surrounding healthy tissue as possible. Types of surgical procedures include:

• Local Excision: Removal of the cancerous lesion and a small margin of healthy tissue around it.
• Vulvectomy: Partial or complete removal of the vulva, depending on the extent of the cancer.
• Lymph Node Dissection: Removal of nearby lymph nodes to check for the spread of cancer.

→ Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used as a primary treatment or in conjunction with surgery and chemotherapy. There are two main types:

• External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): Delivers radiation from outside the body, focusing on the cancerous area.
• Brachytherapy: Involves placing radioactive material directly inside or near the tumor, providing a high dose of radiation to the cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.

→ Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. It can be administered orally or intravenously and is often used when cancer has spread beyond the vulva.

Chemotherapy may be used in combination with other treatments to increase effectiveness. Common side effects include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, and increased susceptibility to infections.

→ Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, usually while doing little damage to normal cells.

This treatment targets specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. It can be an option for advanced vulvar cancers that express certain genetic markers.

→ Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach

Treating vulvar cancer often requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes gynecologic oncologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and other specialists.

This ensures that all aspects of the patient’s health are considered, and the most effective treatment plan is developed.