HEAD & NECK CANCERS

Oral Cavity Cancer

Oral Cavity Cancer refers to cancers that develop in the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, inner lining of the cheeks, roof of the mouth (palate),

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ON THIS PAGE:
Overview
Signs & Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
FAQs

Overview of Oral Cavity Cancer

Oral Cavity Cancer refers to cancers that develop in the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, inner lining of the cheeks, roof of the mouth (palate), and the floor of the mouth under the tongue.

These cancers typically begin in the flat, thin cells (squamous cells) that line the inside of the mouth.

How Does It Happen?

Oral Cavity Cancer occurs when healthy cells in the mouth undergo genetic mutations. These mutations cause the cells to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. If not detected and treated early, the cancerous cells can invade nearby tissues and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

Causes & Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing Oral Cavity Cancer, including:

Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or using smokeless tobacco.

Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking increases the risk.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Certain strains of HPV are linked to oral cancers.

Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to the sun can increase the risk of lip cancer.

Poor Oral Hygiene: Poor dental care and chronic irritation from rough teeth or ill-fitting dentures.

Family History: A history of cancer in the family can increase risk.

Age: Risk increases with age, particularly after 40.

Stages & Grades

Oral Cavity Cancer is classified into stages and grades to determine its severity:

Stages:

Stage I: Tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes.
Stage II: Tumor is between 2 and 4 centimeters and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes.
Stage III: Tumor is larger than 4 centimeters or has spread to one lymph node.
Stage IV: Tumor has spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, or distant organs.

Grades:

Grade 1 (Low Grade): Cancer cells resemble normal cells, indicating slower growth.
Grade 2 (Moderate Grade): Cancer cells are moderately different from normal cells.
Grade 3 (High Grade): Cancer cells look very different from normal cells and tend to grow and spread quickly.

Prognosis at Each Stage & Grade

Stage I and II: High survival rates with early detection and treatment.

Stage III: Moderate prognosis, with treatment focus on controlling the spread.

Stage IV: Lower survival rates, requiring aggressive treatment strategies.

Types of Oral Cavity Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type, originating in the squamous cells.

Verrucous Carcinoma: A rare type, slow-growing and less likely to spread.

Minor Salivary Gland Carcinomas: Cancers that start in the salivary glands.

Lymphomas: Cancers that form in the lymph tissue in the base of the tongue and tonsils.

Signs & Symptoms

A sore or lump on the lip or in the mouth that doesn’t heal
White or red patches on the gums, tongue, or lining of the mouth
Persistent mouth pain
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Loose teeth or dentures that no longer fit well
A lump in the neck
Unexplained weight loss
Persistent bad breath

When to See a Specialist?

If you notice any of these symptoms persisting for more than two weeks, it is crucial to consult a specialist. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Contact KCC to schedule an appointment with our experts.

Chhatrapati Shahu Cancer Research Foundation, Kolhapur

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Diagnostic Tests & Procedures

To diagnose Oral Cavity Cancer, the following tests and procedures may be recommended:

Physical Examination: Inspection of the mouth and throat for abnormalities.
Endoscopy: Using a flexible tube with a light and camera to examine the mouth and throat.
Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans to determine the extent of the cancer.
Biopsy: Removing a tissue sample for microscopic examination to confirm cancer.
HPV Testing: Testing for the presence of HPV if throat cancer is suspected.

How Specialists Confirm the Diagnosis?

Specialists at KCC use a combination of physical examination, endoscopic findings, imaging results, biopsy findings, and HPV testing to confirm the diagnosis of Oral Cavity Cancer.

A biopsy provides definitive evidence by revealing the presence of cancer cells under a microscope. This process ensures that the diagnosis is accurate, guiding the specialists to develop an effective treatment plan tailored to your needs. For more information, please contact KCC.

What to Do When Diagnosed?

Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, but you are not alone. At KCC, we offer comprehensive support, including personalized treatment plans, counseling, and access to support groups to help you navigate this challenging journey.

It’s essential to stay informed and proactive. Reach out to KCC to schedule a consultation and discuss the next steps with our expert team.

Available Treatments for Oral Cavity Cancer

KCC offers a variety of treatment options tailored to each patient’s specific needs:

Surgery: The primary treatment for localized Oral Cavity Cancer, involving the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues.

Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells, often used after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.

Chemotherapy: Drugs used to kill cancer cells, often combined with radiation therapy for advanced stages.

Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific pathways involved in cancer growth.

Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer, used in certain cases.

Gold Standard Treatment & Why

Surgical resection combined with radiation therapy is considered the gold standard for early-stage Oral Cavity Cancer due to its potential for complete removal of the cancer and elimination of any remaining cancer cells.

For advanced stages, a combination of therapies such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy may be employed.

Whom to Consult for Treatment

Consult our specialized oncologists, surgeons, and healthcare professionals at KCC. Our multidisciplinary team collaborates to provide comprehensive care tailored to your condition. Don’t wait—schedule a consultation with our team today.

Prognosis of Treatment

The prognosis of Oral Cavity Cancer depends on several factors, including the stage at diagnosis, lymph node involvement, and response to treatment. Early detection and prompt treatment significantly improve survival rates.

Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence. For detailed information on your specific prognosis, please contact KCC to speak with our specialists.

Most Common FAQs on Oral Cavity Cancer

What are the early symptoms of Oral Cavity Cancer?

Early symptoms include sores or lumps in the mouth, white or red patches, and persistent mouth pain.

How is Oral Cavity Cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves physical examination, endoscopy, imaging tests, biopsy, and HPV testing.

Can Oral Cavity Cancer be prevented?

Prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, maintaining good oral hygiene, and protecting lips from sun exposure.

Is Oral Cavity Cancer hereditary?

While most cases are not hereditary, a family history of cancer can increase risk.

What is the survival rate for Oral Cavity Cancer?

Survival rates vary, with higher rates for early-stage detection and successful treatment.

What are the treatment side effects?

Side effects depend on the treatment but may include fatigue, mouth sores, and difficulty swallowing.

Can Oral Cavity Cancer recur?

Yes, regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for recurrence.

Are there alternative treatments for Oral Cavity Cancer?

Some patients explore complementary therapies, but always consult your doctor first.

How do I choose the right treatment plan?

Discuss options with your oncologist to determine the best plan for your specific case.

What support services are available at KCC?

KCC offers counseling, nutritional advice, and support groups for patients and families.

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we are dedicated to providing exceptional care and support to Oral Cavity Cancer patients. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can assist you on your journey to recovery. Get in touch with KCC to start your treatment journey.