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Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer begins in the lungs, the primary organs that help us breathe.

Overview of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer begins in the lungs, the primary organs that help us breathe. It is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body if not detected early.

How Does It Happen?

Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lungs mutate and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass known as a tumor. These cancerous cells can invade nearby tissues and spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

 

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Smoking: The leading cause of lung cancer. Smokers are at a significantly higher risk than non-smokers.
  • Exposure to Radon Gas: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate in homes.
  • Asbestos and Other Carcinogens: Occupational exposure to asbestos, certain chemicals, and pollutants.
  • Family History: Genetic factors can increase susceptibility.
  • Air Pollution: Long-term exposure to polluted air can elevate risk.

Types of Lung Cancer

  • Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): The most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases. It includes:
  • Adenocarcinoma: Often found in outer regions of the lung.
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Typically located in the central part of the lungs.
  • Large Cell Carcinoma: Can occur in any part of the lung and tends to grow quickly.
  • Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): A less common but more aggressive type, often linked to smoking.
  • Lung Carcinoid Tumors: Rare and usually slow-growing, these tumors are less likely to spread.

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Signs & Symptoms

Potential signs & symptoms of lung cancer are as follows

  • Persistent cough that doesn’t go away
  • Chest pain that worsens with deep breaths, coughing, or laughing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Hoarseness
  • Coughing up blood
  • Frequent respiratory infections like bronchitis or pneumonia

What to Do When You See These Symptoms?

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional immediately. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

When to See a Specialist?

If symptoms persist for more than a few weeks or become severe, seek specialist advice. Consulting a pulmonologist or oncologist is recommended for a thorough evaluation.

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Diagnostic Tests & Procedures

  • Chest X-ray: Initial imaging test to identify lung abnormalities.
  • CT Scan: Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the lungs.
  • Bronchoscopy: A procedure using a thin tube to view airways and collect samples.
  • Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
  • PET Scan: Detects cancer spread by highlighting areas of high metabolic activity.
  • Sputum Cytology: Examines mucus for cancer cells.

Gold Standard Test & Why?

A biopsy is the gold standard for lung cancer diagnosis. It provides a definitive diagnosis by allowing pathologists to examine tissue samples under a microscope.

What to Do When You Are Diagnosed with Lung Cancer?

Receiving a lung cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare team, consider getting a second opinion, and seek support resources for emotional and practical assistance.

Available Treatments for Lung Cancer

  • Surgery: Removal of the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue, often used for early-stage cancer.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells, often used in conjunction with other treatments.
  • Chemotherapy: Drugs administered orally or intravenously to destroy cancer cells.
  • Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific genetic mutations in cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to combat cancer.
  • Radiofrequency Ablation: Uses heat to destroy cancer cells, suitable for small tumors.

Gold Standard Treatment & Why?

The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of lung cancer. Surgery is often the gold standard for early-stage NSCLC, while a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is standard for SCLC due to its rapid growth.

Whom Should You Consult for Lung Cancer Treatment?

A multidisciplinary team at KCC, including pulmonologists, oncologists, thoracic surgeons, and radiologists, ensures comprehensive care tailored to your condition.

Most Common FAQ Lung Cancer

 

What is the survival rate for lung cancer?

Survival rates vary based on the stage at diagnosis, overall health, and response to treatment.

 

Is lung cancer hereditary?

While most cases are linked to smoking, a family history can increase the risk.

Can lung cancer be prevented?

Quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to radon and asbestos, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce risk.

What is the role of smoking in lung cancer?

Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, significantly increasing risk.

Are there any early detection methods for lung cancer?

Regular screenings like low-dose CT scans are recommended for high-risk individuals.

What are the side effects of lung cancer treatment?

Side effects vary by treatment type and can include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, and appetite changes.

How long does treatment for lung cancer last?

The duration depends on the treatment plan, which is personalized based on cancer stage and patient health.

Can lung cancer recur after treatment?

Recurrence is possible, so regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial.

What support resources are available for lung cancer patients?

Many hospitals offer support groups, counseling, and patient education programs.

How can I prepare for my first oncology appointment?

Bring medical records, a list of symptoms, and questions to discuss with your oncologist.

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre (KCC), we are dedicated to providing the highest standard of care for lung cancer patients. Our team of specialists is here to support you every step of the way. For more information or to schedule an appointment, please contact us today. Your health and well-being are our top priorities.

Lung cancer Specialists At KCC, Kolhapur