GI Cancers

Liver Cancer

Liver Cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, originates in the liver cells.

ON THIS PAGE:
Overview
Signs & Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
FAQs

Overview of Liver Cancer

Liver Cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, originates in the liver cells. The liver is a vital organ that performs several crucial functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. Liver Cancer typically begins in the main type of liver cell called hepatocytes.

How Does It Happen?

Liver Cancer occurs when healthy liver cells develop mutations in their DNA. These mutations cause the cells to grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. If not detected and treated early, the cancerous cells can invade nearby tissues and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

Causes & Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing Liver Cancer, including:

Chronic Hepatitis Infection: Hepatitis B and C infections can lead to liver cancer.

Cirrhosis: Scar tissue in the liver from alcohol abuse or chronic hepatitis.

Aflatoxin Exposure: Consuming food contaminated with aflatoxins, toxins produced by molds.

Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Long-term heavy drinking can damage liver cells.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Associated with obesity and diabetes.

Genetic Disorders: Conditions like hemochromatosis can also increase risk.

Stages & Grades

Liver Cancer is classified into stages and grades to determine its severity:

Stages:

Stage I: A single tumor that hasn’t invaded blood vessels.
Stage II: Single or multiple tumors, one of which may have invaded blood vessels.
Stage III: Multiple tumors, at least one of which has invaded a major blood vessel, or the cancer has spread to nearby organs (excluding lymph nodes).
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to distant organs or lymph nodes.

Grades:

Grade 1 (Low Grade): Cancer cells resemble normal cells, indicating slower growth.
Grade 2 (Moderate Grade): Cancer cells are moderately different from normal cells.
Grade 3 (High Grade): Cancer cells look very different from normal cells and tend to grow and spread quickly.

Types of Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The most common type, originating in hepatocytes.

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Begins in the bile ducts within the liver.

Hepatoblastoma: A rare type, usually affecting children under the age of 3.

Angiosarcoma: A rare cancer that starts in the blood vessels of the liver.

Signs & Symptoms

Unexplained weight loss
Loss of appetite
Upper abdominal pain or swelling
Nausea and vomiting
General weakness and fatigue
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
White, chalky stools

What to Do When You See These Symptoms

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.

When to See a Specialist

Seek specialist advice if symptoms persist or if you have risk factors for Liver Cancer. Early consultation with KCC experts can lead to timely diagnosis and better outcomes. Contact KCC to schedule your appointment.

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Diagnostic Tests & Procedures

Blood Tests: Check for liver function and tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to visualize the liver and detect tumors.

Biopsy: Removal of a small sample of liver tissue to examine under a microscope.

Liver Function Tests: Assess the overall functioning of the liver.

How Specialists Confirm the Diagnosis

Specialists at KCC use a combination of blood tests, imaging results, biopsy findings, and liver function tests to confirm Liver Cancer. Biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, providing microscopic evidence of cancer cells. For more information, please contact KCC.

What to Do When Diagnosed

Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, but you are not alone. At KCC, we offer comprehensive support, including personalized treatment plans, counseling, and access to support groups to help you navigate this challenging journey. Reach out to KCC to schedule a consultation and discuss the next steps.

Available Treatments for Liver Cancer

Surgery: The primary treatment for localized Liver Cancer, involving partial hepatectomy (removal of part of the liver) or liver transplant.

Ablation Therapy: Methods such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or microwave ablation to destroy cancer cells.

Embolization: Blocking the blood supply to the tumor, includes transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radioembolization.

Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific pathways involved in cancer growth, such as sorafenib.

Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer, includes drugs like nivolumab.

Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells, used in certain cases.

Gold Standard Treatment & Why

Surgical resection or liver transplant is considered the gold standard for early-stage Liver Cancer due to its potential for complete removal of the cancer. For advanced stages, a combination of therapies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy are often employed.

Whom to Consult for Treatment

Consult our specialized oncologists, surgeons, and healthcare professionals at KCC. Our multidisciplinary team collaborates to provide comprehensive care tailored to your condition. Schedule a consultation with our team today.

Prognosis of Treatment

The prognosis of Liver Cancer depends on factors such as stage at diagnosis, underlying liver function, and response to treatment. Early detection and appropriate treatment significantly improve survival rates. For detailed information on your specific prognosis, please contact KCC to speak with our specialists.

Most Common FAQ Liver Cancer

What are the early symptoms of Liver Cancer?

Early symptoms include weight loss, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal pain.

How is Liver Cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging tests, biopsy, and liver function tests.

Can Liver Cancer be prevented?

Prevention strategies include vaccination for hepatitis B, managing hepatitis C, reducing alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight.

Is Liver Cancer hereditary?

While most cases are not hereditary, some genetic conditions like hemochromatosis can increase risk.

What is the survival rate for Liver Cancer?

Survival rates vary, with higher rates for early-stage detection and successful treatment.

What are the treatment side effects?

Side effects depend on the treatment but may include fatigue, digestive issues, and nausea.

Can Liver Cancer recur?

Yes, regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for recurrence.

Are there alternative treatments for Liver Cancer?

Some patients explore complementary therapies, but always consult your doctor first.

How do I choose the right treatment plan?

Discuss options with your oncologist to determine the best plan for your specific case.

What support services are available at KCC?

KCC offers counseling, nutritional advice, and support groups for patients and families.

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we are dedicated to providing exceptional care and support to Liver Cancer patients. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can assist you on your journey to recovery. Get in touch with KCC to start your treatment journey.