Gynec Cancers

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

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ON THIS PAGE:
Overview
Signs & Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
FAQs

Overview of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

It is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection.

While many HPV infections resolve on their own, some can cause changes in cervical cells that may lead to cancer over time.

→ Causes and Risk Factors

The most significant risk factor for cervical cancer is infection with high-risk HPV types. Additional risk factors include:

Smoking: Tobacco use can increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS can compromise the immune system and increase susceptibility to HPV infections.
Multiple Sexual Partners: Having multiple sexual partners increases the likelihood of contracting HPV.
Early Sexual Activity: Initiating sexual activity at a young age can elevate the risk of persistent HPV infections.
Long-term Use of Birth Control Pills: Extended use of oral contraceptives has been linked to a higher risk of cervical cancer.

→ Prevalence

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Early detection through regular screening has significantly reduced the incidence and mortality rates in many countries, including India.

Signs & Symptoms

Early-stage cervical cancer typically does not present noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screening is crucial. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

Vaginal Bleeding: Unexplained bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause.
Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic region that is not related to the menstrual cycle.
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge: Watery, bloody, or foul-smelling discharge.
Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or pain during sexual activity.

→ Less Common Symptoms

Urinary Symptoms: Pain or difficulty urinating, blood in the urine.
Leg Pain or Swelling: Swelling or pain in the legs due to advanced cancer spreading to lymph nodes.
Back Pain: Persistent pain in the lower back.

→ When to Seek Medical Advice?

If you experience any of these symptoms for more than 2 week, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes. Regular check-ups and screening tests like Pap smears and HPV tests are vital for early diagnosis.

If you suspect someone you know or love of the above-mentioned symptoms, please schedule a Consultation. We are here to help you.

Chhatrapati Shahu Cancer Research Foundation, Kolhapur

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Diagnostic Tests & Procedures

Accurate diagnosis is critical for effective treatment planning. At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we use a comprehensive diagnostic approach to ensure precise identification of cervical cancer.

→ Initial Consultation and Medical History

Your diagnostic journey begins with an initial consultation where your healthcare provider will take a detailed medical history and discuss any symptoms you’ve been experiencing.

→ Physical Examination

A pelvic examination is conducted to check for any abnormalities in the cervix and surrounding areas.

→ Screening Tests

Pap Smear: A Pap test involves collecting cells from the cervix to detect precancerous or cancerous changes.
HPV Test: This test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.

→ Diagnostic Procedures

Colposcopy: A colposcope is used to closely examine the cervix for abnormal areas, which may be biopsied.
Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans may be used to determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

If you someone struggling with cervical cancer or in need of affordable cancer treatment, please contact KCC Hospital.

Available Treatments for Cervical Cancer

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we offer a range of treatments for cervical cancer, tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Our multidisciplinary team collaborates to create personalized treatment plans aimed at achieving the best possible outcomes.

→ Surgery

Surgery is often the primary treatment for early-stage cervical cancer. Surgical options include:

Cone Biopsy: Removal of a cone-shaped section of abnormal tissue.
Trachelectomy: Removal of the cervix while preserving the uterus, suitable for early-stage cancer in women who wish to retain fertility.
Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus and cervix, which may be necessary for more advanced cancer.

→ Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. Types of radiation therapy include:

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): Delivers radiation from outside the body to the tumor site.
Brachytherapy: Internal radiation therapy that places radioactive material directly inside or near the tumor.

→ Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. It is often used in combination with radiation therapy to enhance its effectiveness, especially in advanced stages of cervical cancer.

→ Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells based on their genetic characteristics. This approach can minimize damage to normal cells and may be used in cases where traditional treatments are less effective.

→ Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. It offers a promising option for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer.

Most Common FAQs on Cervical Cancer

Can cervical cancer be prevented?

Yes, cervical cancer can be prevented through regular screening and vaccination against HPV. Practicing safe sex and avoiding smoking can also reduce the risk.

Is the HPV vaccine effective?

Yes, the HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infections with high-risk HPV types that can cause cervical cancer. It is recommended for preteens and young adults.

How often should I get screened for cervical cancer?

Women should start getting Pap smears at age 21 and continue with regular screening as recommended by their healthcare provider. The frequency of screening may vary based on age, medical history, and test results.

Can cervical cancer recur after treatment?

Yes, cervical cancer can recur after treatment. Regular follow-up visits with your healthcare team are essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence. Early detection of recurrence can lead to more effective management and treatment.

How can I support a loved one with cervical cancer?

Supporting a loved one with cervical cancer involves offering emotional support, helping them manage treatment side effects, and assisting with daily tasks. Encouraging them to follow their treatment plan and attend medical appointments is also crucial. Being a compassionate and understanding presence can make a significant difference in their journey.

How can I schedule a consultation at Kolhapur Cancer Centre?

To schedule a consultation at Kolhapur Cancer Centre, you can contact us through our website or call our office directly. Our team of specialists is here to provide comprehensive evaluations and personalized care for patients with cervical cancer.

Can cervical cancer affect fertility?

Yes, some treatments for cervical cancer, such as a hysterectomy or radiation therapy, can affect fertility. However, there are fertility-preserving options available, such as a trachelectomy, for early-stage cervical cancer. Discuss your fertility concerns with your healthcare provider to explore all available options.

What should I expect during a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a procedure where your doctor uses a special magnifying instrument called a colposcope to examine your cervix closely for abnormal cells. It is typically done if your Pap smear results are abnormal. You may feel some discomfort, but it is usually not painful.

Are there any side effects of the HPV vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is generally safe and well-tolerated. Common side effects include pain at the injection site, mild fever, dizziness, and nausea. Serious side effects are rare, but you should discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider.

What lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of cervical cancer?

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Avoid smoking, practice safe sex by using condoms, get vaccinated against HPV, and attend regular screening appointments. A healthy diet and regular exercise can also support overall well-being.

What is the survival rate for cervical cancer?

The survival rate for cervical cancer varies based on the stage at diagnosis, overall health, and response to treatment. Early-stage cervical cancer has a higher survival rate compared to advanced stages. Regular screening and early detection are crucial for improving outcomes.

How do I cope with the emotional impact of a cervical cancer diagnosis?

Coping with the emotional impact of a cervical cancer diagnosis can be challenging. Seeking support from family, friends, and support groups can be helpful. Professional counseling and mental health services can also provide valuable support. Communicating openly with your healthcare team about your feelings and concerns is important.

Expert Care at Kolhapur Cancer Centre

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre, we specialize in providing comprehensive care for cervical cancer patients. Our team of experienced gynecologic oncologists, surgeons, and supportive care professionals work together to offer personalized treatment plans. We are dedicated to serving patients from Kolhapur, Ratnagiri, Sangli, and the Kokan regions with state-of-the-art technology and advanced treatment methods.

For more information or to schedule a consultation, please contact Kolhapur Cancer Centre. We are here to support you every step of the way.