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Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer originates in the cells of the breast. It is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide but can also occur in men.

Overview of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer originates in the cells of the breast. It is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide but can also occur in men. Understanding the biology and spread of breast cancer is crucial for effective treatment and management.

How Does It Happen?

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast begin to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells form tumors and can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
  • Family History: Having close relatives with breast cancer increases risk.
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy: Long-term use can increase risk.
  • Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation treatments to the chest area.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity.

Types of Breast Cancer

  • Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are confined to the lining of a breast duct.
  • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, where cancer cells spread beyond the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue.
  • Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Cancer that starts in the lobules and spreads to surrounding breast tissues.
  • Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Lacks three common receptors (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2) and tends to be more aggressive.
  • HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Tests positive for a protein that promotes cancer cell growth, which can be targeted with specific therapies.

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Signs & Symptoms

  • A lump or mass in the breast
  • Change in breast size, shape, or appearance
  • Skin dimpling or puckering
  • Nipple retraction or discharge
  • Redness or flaky skin on the breast or nipple
  • Swelling in the breast or underarm area

What to Do When You See These Symptoms?

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes.

When to See a Specialist?

Seek immediate medical advice if you observe lumps, changes in the breast, or persistent symptoms. Specialists such as oncologists and breast surgeons can provide the necessary investigations and care.

Chhatrapati Shahu Cancer Research Foundation, Kolhapur

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Diagnostic Tests & Procedures

  • Mammogram: X-ray of the breast to detect tumors or abnormalities.
  • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to produce images of structures within the breast.
  • Biopsy: Removing a sample of breast tissue for examination.
  • MRI: Detailed imaging to evaluate the extent of cancer.
  • Genetic Testing: To check for specific inherited genetic mutations.

Gold Standard Test & Why?

A biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing breast cancer because it allows for microscopic examination of tissue to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

What to Do When You Are Diagnosed with Breast Cancer?

Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Discuss your treatment options with your healthcare team, consider getting a second

Available Treatments for Breast Cancer

  • Surgery: Options include lumpectomy (removal of the tumor) or mastectomy (removal of one or both breasts).
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays to destroy cancer cells, often used after surgery.
  • Chemotherapy: Drugs administered orally or intravenously to kill cancer cells.
  • Hormone Therapy: Medications that block hormones fueling cancer growth.
  • Targeted Therapy: Drugs targeting specific characteristics of cancer cells, such as HER2.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells.

Gold Standard Treatment & Why?

The treatment choice depends on the type and stage of breast cancer. Surgery, often combined with radiation and/or chemotherapy, is considered a gold standard for early-stage breast cancer due to its effectiveness in removing or reducing tumors.

Whom Should You Consult for Breast Cancer Treatment?

A multidisciplinary team including oncologists, breast surgeons, radiologists, and genetic counselors at KCC ensures comprehensive care tailored to your specific condition.

Most Common FAQ Breast Cancer

 

What is the survival rate for breast cancer?

Survival rates vary depending on the stage at diagnosis and other factors such as overall health and response to treatment.

Is breast cancer hereditary?

Genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of hereditary breast cancer.

Can breast cancer be prevented?

While it cannot be entirely prevented, risk-reducing measures include regular screenings, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and genetic counseling for high-risk individuals.

What is the role of genetics in breast cancer?

Inherited gene mutations can increase the risk, and genetic testing can help identify these risks.

Are there any early detection methods for breast cancer?

Mammograms, breast self-exams, and clinical breast exams are crucial for early detection.

What are the side effects of breast cancer treatment?

Side effects vary by treatment type and can include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, and changes in appetite.

How long does treatment for breast cancer last?

The duration depends on the treatment plan, which is personalized based on the cancer stage and patient health.

Can breast cancer recur after treatment?

Recurrence is possible, so regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial.

What support resources are available for breast cancer patients?

Many hospitals offer support groups, counseling, and patient education programs.

How can I prepare for my first oncology appointment?

Bring medical records, a list of symptoms, and questions to discuss with your oncologist.

At Kolhapur Cancer Centre (KCC), we are dedicated to providing the highest standard of care for breast cancer patients. Our team of specialists is here to support you every step of the way. For more information or to schedule an appointment, please contact us today. Your health and well-being are our top priorities.

Breast Cancers Specialists At KCC, Kolhapur