Stomach Cancer: Is it Hereditary?

→ The Role of Genetics in Stomach Cancer

Most stomach cancers are not hereditary. However, studies show that around 1-3% of gastric cancer cases have a genetic cause.

This means a small portion of people inherit mutations in specific genes that increase their risk.

→ Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC)

HDGC is a genetic syndrome that significantly increases the risk of stomach cancer. This condition is caused by a mutation in the CDH1 gene, which controls protein production to keep cells stuck together. When this gene fails, cells can become cancerous.

Symptoms and Early Signs of HDGC

• • Stomach pain and persistent indigestion

• • Unexplained weight loss

• • Family history of stomach cancer, especially at a young age

Who is Most at Risk for HDGC?

HDGC is very rare but is more likely in people with a strong family history of stomach cancer or known CDH1 gene mutations.

Importance of Genetic Testing

Genetic testing can identify CDH1 mutations, allowing at-risk individuals to take preventive steps like regular monitoring or, in extreme cases, preventive surgery.

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Beyond HDGC, there are several other genetic conditions linked to stomach cancer:

1. Lynch Syndrome

This hereditary condition, also known as Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), increases the risk of several cancers, including the stomach.

2. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

FAP is a condition where numerous polyps form in the digestive tract. Over time, these could develop into cancer, including in the stomach.

3. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS)

This rare syndrome is associated with polyps and an increased risk of cancers like stomach cancer.

4. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

People with TP53 gene mutations (linked to Li-Fraumeni syndrome) face a higher risk of multiple cancers, including those in the stomach.

Assessing Family History

• Multiple relatives with stomach cancer?
• Cancer diagnosed at a young age (below 50)?
• A family history of related cancers like breast or colon cancer?

If the answer to any of these questions is yes, consider genetic counselling.

Genetic Counseling and Testing

Genetic counselling helps assess your cancer risk based on your family history and guides genetic testing. Tests like CDH1 testing can confirm whether you have hereditary risks for stomach cancer.

Steps to Take If You’re at Risk

• Regular Surveillance – High-risk individuals should have routine endoscopic exams to catch early signs of cancer.
• Prophylactic Gastrectomy – For those with significant risk, preventive removal of the stomach may be an option.

Even if you have a family history, lifestyle changes can reduce your overall risk of stomach cancer.

→ Healthy Diet Choices

• Add fibre-rich fruits and vegetables to your plate.
• Avoid processed meats and excessive salt.

→ Avoiding Tobacco and Alcohol

Both are linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer due to their damaging effects on the stomach lining.

→ Managing Helicobacter Pylori Infection

H. pylori infection is a major risk factor for stomach cancer. Treating this bacterial infection with antibiotics can lower your risk.

If you’re concerned about possible symptoms of stomach cancer, here’s what to do next:

1. Common Symptoms to Watch

• Persistent stomach discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
• Blood in stool or vomit

2. When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience any of these symptoms along with a family history of stomach cancer, consult a doctor. An endoscopy may be recommended to examine the stomach lining.

1. How Does Genetic Testing Work?

Genetic testing involves studying your DNA to look for mutations linked to stomach cancer, such as CDH1.

2. How to Get Tested

Ask your doctor to refer you to a genetic counselor. Tests are typically done through blood or saliva samples.

3. Costs and Next Steps

• The cost of genetic testing varies but may be covered by insurance in some cases.
• If you test positive, your healthcare provider will discuss preventive measures or early intervention strategies with you.

1️⃣ Can stomach cancer skip generations?

Yes, it’s possible. Genetic mutations may not always result in cancer, but they can increase the risk in subsequent generations.

2️⃣ Is there a cure for hereditary stomach cancer? 

Hereditary stomach cancer can often be effectively treated when detected early, and preventive surgery can significantly reduce risk.

3️⃣ How accurate is genetic testing?

Genetic testing is highly accurate for identifying known mutations like CDH1 but does not predict with certainty whether cancer will develop.

Understanding your genetic risk for stomach cancer empowers you to take action. Whether it’s through regular screenings, lifestyle changes, or genetic testing, you can significantly reduce your risk and improve your health outcomes.

📢 “If you have a family history of stomach cancer, don’t wait. Book a consultation with a genetic counselor at KCC Hospital and take charge of your health today!”